论日本航空与中国航空的区别毕业论文

 2021-04-07 11:04

摘 要

现代栽培的所有园艺风信子都是由原种风信子(Hyacinth orientalis)培育驯化而来,其遗传基础相对较窄,但经过几个世纪栽培选育,已经发生很大变化。为研究风信子品种之间的遗传关系,利用12条引物对29个风信子品种进行ISSR分子标记研究,扩增获得109条谱带,多态性条带有103条,占条带总数的94.5%,表明风信子具有较高的遗传多样性。29个风信子品种的遗传距离范围为0.0185-0.8201,平均遗传距离为0.4498。其中‘Atlantic’与‘Gipsy Queen’遗传距离最大为0.8201,亲缘关系最远;‘Blue star’ 与‘Delf Blue’遗传距离最小,两品种之间相似度较大,亲缘关系最近。使用软件NTSYS-pc(2.10e版)获得UPGMA聚类树形图。以相似系数0.635为阈值,29个风信子品种可聚为两大类。聚类分析发现相同色系的品种几乎聚为一类,说明同色系风信子品种亲缘关系较近,因此,在杂交育种时可选择不同花色的品种作亲本,进行新品种的选育。

关键词 风信子,ISSR,遗传多样性,亲缘关系

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 29 Hyacinth Germplasm Resources Using ISSR Molecular Markers

ABSTRACT

All modern Gardening hyacinths are domesticated by the protospecies—Hyacinth orientalis. Though they have relatively narrow hereditary basis, they have had great changes through cultivation and breeding for centuries. In order to research the genetic relationship between varieties of hyacinth,12 primers were used to the research of ISSR molecular markers among 29 species of Hyacinth. We amplified out 109 bands, including 103 polymorphism bands which make up 94.5% of the total number of bands. On average, each pair of primers can amplify nine bands. The genetic distance among 29 Hyacinths orientalis was between 0.0185 and 0.8201. And the average was 0.4498. ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Gipsy Queen’ have the longest genetic distance that is 0.8201, which means that they have the longest genetic relationship. ‘Blue star’ and ‘Delf Blue’ have the shortest genetic distance, which means that they are similar each other and have the shortest genetic relationship. NTSYS-pc(Version 2.10e) was applied to the UPGMA lustering analysis to get the clustering tree diagram. By using the threshold of similarity coefficient as 0.635, 29 species of Hyacinth can be divided into two broad categories. The result is that varieties of the same color almost are divided into the same category, which illustrates that the Hyacinth group has certain relevance with its color.

Key words:Hyacinth orientalis, ISSR, Genetic diversity, Genetic relationship

目 录

前言………………………………………………………………………………………1

1 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.1 分子标记技术………………………………………………………………2

1.1.1 ISSR分子标记…………………………………………………2

1.1.1 ISSR技术试验操作…………………………………………………3

1.2 风信子ISSR分子研究…………………………………………………………………………3

1.3 风信子的遗传育种…………………………………………………………………………4

1.4 风信子DNA…………………………………………………………………………4

2 正文………………………………………………………………………………5

2.1 材料与方法……………………………………………………………………5

2.1.1 材料…………………………………………………5

2. 1.2 仪器与试剂…………………………………………………5

2.1.3 方法…………………………………………………5

2.2 结果与分析…………………………………………………………………………7

2.2.1 风信子种质资源多态性分析…………………………………………………7

3 结论与讨论………………………………………………………………………………14

3.1 风信子品种资源的遗传多样性………………………………………………………………14

3.2 风信子品种资源的亲缘关系分析………………………………………………………………14

致谢 ……………………………………………………………15

参考文献 …………………………………………………………………… 16

前言

风信子(Hyacinth orientalis),又名五色水仙、洋水仙,为百合科(Liliaceae)风信子属(Hyacinth)多年生草本植物(沈强等, 2004; 费砚良等, 1999)。风信子是一种优秀的园艺植物,既可以用作盆栽,也可以用作切花,气味芬芳,花姿优美。风信子原产地中海东部沿岸及小亚细亚一带,自1562年从Turkey引入东欧,育种工作者就不断对其进行了改良,1596年英国已将风信子用于庭院栽培,目前在世界各地广泛栽培,种植已有几个世纪(Fengrong Hu et al, 2011)。风信子是春季重要的观赏花卉,花序端庄,花色丰富,且香味独特,适宜盆栽或水养,也可作切花,布置花坛、草坪、林缘草地别有风情,具有较高的美学价值。

ISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat)分子标记方法是1994年由加拿大蒙特利尔大学的Zietkiewicz等提出(Zietkiewicz E. et al, 1994),即简单重复间隔序列标记方法。根据谱带的有无及相对位置来分析不同样品间ISSR标记的多态性(王际振等, 2008; 雒新艳和戴思兰, 2009; 王建波, 2002)。相比于其它分子标记技术,ISSR标记具有操作简单、快速、高效、可重复等优点(柴胜丰等, 2014)。因此该技术一经问世就在植物遗传分析方面得到了广泛应用,目前已逐步拓展到观赏植物领域。

本研究在获得适宜的DNA提取方法和建立了ISSR-PCR优化扩增体系并筛选了适宜引物的基础上(胡凤荣等, 2011;胡凤荣等, 2013),对29个风信子品种的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,旨在研究29个风信子品种资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为风信子品种资源种质创新选择亲本奠定基础。

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